HomeStockWeather reportNetworkAwardees
Back to network

Aaron Carlin, MD PhD

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

Co Investigator: Variant Production Lead

Director BSL3 Lab, Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health

Clinical IDDiagnostic developmentVirology
Website

Related publications

1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phospho-GS-441524 (V2043). Evaluation of Oral V2043 in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Additional Phospholipid Esters with Enhanced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity.

Aaron F Carlin, James R Beadle, Alex E Clark, Kendra L Gully, Fernando R Moreira, Ralph S Baric, Rachel L Graham, Nadejda Valiaeva, Sandra L Leibel, William Bray, Rachel E McMillan, Jonathan E Freshman, Aaron F Garretson, Rachael N McVicar, Tariq Rana, Xing-Quan Zhang, Joyce A Murphy, Robert T Schooley, Karl Y Hostetler
April 11, 2023

Early antiviral treatments, including intravenous remdesivir (RDV), reduce hospitalization and severe disease caused by COVID-19. An orally bioavailable RDV analog may facilitate earlier treatment of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here we…

Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 Infection Do Not Neutralize BA.4 and BA.5 and Can Be Blunted by Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment.

Aaron F Carlin, Alex E Clark, Aaron F Garretson, William Bray, Magali Porrachia, AsherLev T Santos, Tariq M Rana, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith
March 21, 2023

The factors contributing to the rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants in populations that experienced recent surges of BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 infections…

Human microglial models to study host-virus interactions.

Rachel E McMillan, Ellen Wang, Aaron F Carlin, Nicole G Coufal
March 11, 2023

Microglia, the resident macrophage of the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized as contributing to diverse aspects of human development, health, and disease. In recent years, numerous studies in both…

Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation.

Daniel Madriz Sørensen, Christian Büll, Thomas D Madsen, Erandi Lira-Navarrete, Thomas Mandel Clausen, Alex E Clark, Aaron F Garretson, Richard Karlsson, Johan F A Pijnenborg, Xin Yin, Rebecca L Miller, Sumit K Chanda, Thomas J Boltje, Katrine T Schjoldager, Sergey Y Vakhrushev, Adnan Halim, Jeffrey D Esko, Aaron F Carlin, Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero, Roberto Weigert, Henrik Clausen, Yoshiki Narimatsu
February 20, 2023

Small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays…

Protease-Responsive Potential-Tunable AIEgens for Cell Selective Imaging of TMPRSS2 and Accurate Inhibitor Screening.

Yong Cheng, Alex E Clark, Wonjun Yim, Raina M Borum, Yu-Ci Chang, Zhicheng Jin, Tengyu He, Aaron F Carlin, Jesse V Jokerst
February 8, 2023

Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a plasma membrane protease that activates both spike protein of coronaviruses for cell entry and oncogenic signaling pathways for tumor progression. TMPRSS2 inhibition can…

PCIF1-mediated deposition of 5'-cap N

Lingling Wang, Shaobo Wang, Lujing Wu, Wanyu Li, William Bray, Alex E Clark, Gwendolyn Michelle Gonzalez, Yinsheng Wang, Aaron F Carlin, Tariq M Rana
January 31, 2023

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a major health problem worldwide. Due to the fast emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, understanding the molecular mechanisms of…

In Vitro Diagnostic Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibody in Patient Sera Using Engineered ACE-2 Mini-Protein.

Bruna Andersen Pereira de Jesus, Anderson Albino Gomes, Alex E Clark, Tayse Andrade Rodrigues, Melissa Ledgerwood-Lee, Westley Van Zant, Howard Brickner, Meiqiao Wang, David L Blum, Maria B Cassera, Aaron F Carlin, Eliah S Aronoff-Spencer, Gustavo Felippe da Silva, Maria de Lourdes Borba Magalhães, Partha Ray
December 18, 2022

The recent development and mass administration of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines allowed for disease control, reducing hospitalizations and mortality. Most of these vaccines target the SARS-CoV-2…

A Self-Immolative Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Ming Xu, Jiajing Zhou, Yong Cheng, Zhicheng Jin, Alex E Clark, Tengyu He, Wonjun Yim, Yi Li, Yu-Ci Chang, Zhuohong Wu, Pavla Fajtová, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Aaron F Carlin, Michael D Todd, Jesse V Jokerst
August 16, 2022

Existing tools to detect and visualize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suffer from low selectivity, poor cell permeability, and high cytotoxicity. Here we report a novel self-immolative fluorescent…

Conformational flexibility in neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by naturally elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Ruofan Li, Michael Mor, Bingting Ma, Alex E Clark, Joel Alter, Michal Werbner, Jamie Casey Lee, Sandra L Leibel, Aaron F Carlin, Moshe Dessau, Meital Gal-Tanamy, Ben A Croker, Ye Xiang, Natalia T Freund
August 5, 2022

As new variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge, it is important to assess the cross-neutralizing capabilities of antibodies naturally elicited during wild type SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we…

Protease-Responsive Peptide-Conjugated Mitochondrial-Targeting AIEgens for Selective Imaging and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cells.

Yong Cheng, Alex E Clark, Jiajing Zhou, Tengyu He, Yi Li, Raina M Borum, Matthew N Creyer, Ming Xu, Zhicheng Jin, Jingcheng Zhou, Wonjun Yim, Zhuohong Wu, Pavla Fajtová, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Aaron F Carlin, Jesse V Jokerst
July 25, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious threat to human health and lacks an effective treatment. There is an urgent need for both real-time tracking and precise…

Structure-selected RBM immunogens prime polyclonal memory responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Gonzalo Almanza, Alex E Clark, Valentina Kouznetsova, Eduardo Olmedillas, Andrea Castro, Igor F Tsigelny, Yan Wu, George F Gao, Sandra L Leibel, William Bray, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Aaron F Carlin, Maurizio Zanetti
July 21, 2022

Successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on vaccines that prevent transmission. The full-length Spike protein is highly immunogenic but the majority of antibodies do not target the virus: ACE2…

Virologic and Immunologic Characterization of COVID-19 Recrudescence after Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment.

Aaron F Carlin, Alex E Clark, Antoine Chaillon, Aaron F Garretson, William Bray, Magali Porrachia, AsherLev T Santos, Tariq M Rana, Davey M Smith
June 20, 2022

We isolated a SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant from a person with COVID-19 recrudescence after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. Antiviral sensitivity and neutralizing antibody testing were performed with both parental SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants…

Sentinel Cards Provide Practical SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in School Settings.

Victor J Cantú, Karenina Sanders, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Rodolfo A Salido, Rebecca Tsai, Brett Austin, William Jordan, Menka Asudani, Amanda Walster, Celestine G Magallanes, Holly Valentine, Araz Manjoonian, Carrissa Wijaya, Vinton Omaleki, Stefan Aigner, Nathan A Baer, Maryann Betty, Anelizze Castro-Martínez, Willi Cheung, Peter De Hoff, Emily Eisner, Abbas Hakim, Alma L Lastrella, Elijah S Lawrence, Toan T Ngo, Tyler Ostrander, Ashley Plascencia, Shashank Sathe, Elizabeth W Smoot, Aaron F Carlin, Gene W Yeo, Louise C Laurent, Anna Liza Manlutac, Rebecca Fielding-Miller, Rob Knight
June 15, 2022

A promising approach to help students safely return to in person learning is through the application of sentinel cards for accurate high resolution environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 traces indoors. Because…

Implementation of Practical Surface SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in School Settings.

Victor J Cantú, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Rodolfo A Salido, Rebecca Tsai, Brett Austin, William Jordan, Menka Asudani, Amanda Walster, Celestine G Magallanes, Holly Valentine, Araz Manjoonian, Carrissa Wijaya, Vinton Omaleki, Karenina Sanders, Stefan Aigner, Nathan A Baer, Maryann Betty, Anelizze Castro-Martínez, Willi Cheung, Evelyn S Crescini, Peter De Hoff, Emily Eisner, Abbas Hakim, Bhavika Kapadia, Alma L Lastrella, Elijah S Lawrence, Toan T Ngo, Tyler Ostrander, Shashank Sathe, Phoebe Seaver, Elizabeth W Smoot, Aaron F Carlin, Gene W Yeo, Louise C Laurent, Anna Liza Manlutac, Rebecca Fielding-Miller, Rob Knight
June 15, 2022

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection has shown considerable promise to detect exposure of built environments to infected individuals shedding virus who would not otherwise be detected. Here, we compare…

Discovery and Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.

Sarah Huff, Indrasena Reddy Kummetha, Shashi Kant Tiwari, Matthew B Huante, Alex E Clark, Shaobo Wang, William Bray, Davey Smith, Aaron F Carlin, Mark Endsley, Tariq M Rana
February 24, 2022

The emergence of a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent public health crisis. Without available targeted therapies, treatment options remain limited for COVID-19 patients.…

A Dual-Color Fluorescent Probe Allows Simultaneous Imaging of Main and Papain-like Proteases of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cells for Accurate Detection and Rapid Inhibitor Screening.

Yong Cheng, Raina M Borum, Alex E Clark, Zhicheng Jin, Colman Moore, Pavla Fajtová, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Aaron F Carlin, Jesse V Jokerst
February 21, 2022

The main protease (Mpro ) and papain-like protease (PLpro ) play critical roles in SARS-CoV-2 replication and are promising targets for antiviral inhibitors. The simultaneous visualization of Mpro and PLpro…

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persistence across Indoor Surface Materials Reveals Best Practices for Environmental Monitoring Programs.

Rodolfo A Salido, Victor J Cantú, Alex E Clark, Sandra L Leibel, Anahid Foroughishafiei, Anushka Saha, Abbas Hakim, Alhakam Nouri, Alma L Lastrella, Anelizze Castro-Martínez, Ashley Plascencia, Bhavika K Kapadia, Bing Xia, Christopher A Ruiz, Clarisse A Marotz, Daniel Maunder, Elijah S Lawrence, Elizabeth W Smoot, Emily Eisner, Evelyn S Crescini, Laura Kohn, Lizbeth Franco Vargas, Marisol Chacón, Maryann Betty, Michal Machnicki, Min Yi Wu, Nathan A Baer, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Peter De Hoff, Phoebe Seaver, R Tyler Ostrander, Rebecca Tsai, Shashank Sathe, Stefan Aigner, Sydney C Morgan, Toan T Ngo, Tom Barber, Willi Cheung, Aaron F Carlin, Gene W Yeo, Louise C Laurent, Rebecca Fielding-Miller, Rob Knight
December 21, 2021

Environmental monitoring in public spaces can be used to identify surfaces contaminated by persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inform appropriate infection mitigation responses. Research groups have reported detection…

Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidates Displaying Peptide Epitopes Can Neutralize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.

Oscar A Ortega-Rivera, Sourabh Shukla, Matthew D Shin, Angela Chen, Veronique Beiss, Miguel A Moreno-Gonzalez, Yi Zheng, Alex E Clark, Aaron F Carlin, Jonathan K Pokorski, Nicole F Steinmetz
November 12, 2021

The development of vaccines against coronaviruses has focused on the spike (S) protein, which is required for the recognition of host-cell receptors and thus elicits neutralizing antibodies. Targeting conserved epitopes…

Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs.

Robert T Schooley, Aaron F Carlin, James R Beadle, Nadejda Valiaeva, Xing-Quan Zhang, Alex E Clark, Rachel E McMillan, Sandra L Leibel, Rachael N McVicar, Jialei Xie, Aaron F Garretson, Victoria I Smith, Joyce Murphy, Karl Y Hostetler
September 17, 2021

Remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734) is currently the only FDA-approved antiviral drug for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The drug is approved for use in adults…

Age-dependent regulation of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry genes and cell death programs correlates with COVID-19 severity.

Zintis Inde, Ben A Croker, Clarence Yapp, Gaurav N Joshi, Johan Spetz, Cameron Fraser, Xingping Qin, Le Xu, Brian Deskin, Elisa Ghelfi, Gabrielle Webb, Aaron F Carlin, Yanfang Peipei Zhu, Sandra L Leibel, Aaron F Garretson, Alex E Clark, Jason M Duran, Victor Pretorius, Laura E Crotty-Alexander, Chendi Li, Jamie Casey Lee, Chhinder Sodhi, David J Hackam, Xin Sun, Aaron N Hata, Lester Kobzik, Jeffrey Miller, Jin-Ah Park, Douglas Brownfield, Hongpeng Jia, Kristopher A Sarosiek
August 18, 2021

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity is highly variable, with pediatric patients typically experiencing less severe infection than adults and especially the elderly. The basis for this difference is unclear.…

Dataset on optimization and development of a point-of-care glucometer-based SARS-CoV-2 detection assay using aptamers.

Naveen K Singh, Partha Ray, Aaron F Carlin, Sydney C Morgan, Celestine Magallanes, Louise C Laurent, Eliah S Aronoff-Spencer, Drew A Hall
August 12, 2021

We present supplementary data for the published article, "Hitting the diagnostic sweet spot: Point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 salivary antigen testing with an off-the-shelf glucometer" [1]. The assay described is designed to be…

A human three-dimensional neural-perivascular 'assembloid' promotes astrocytic development and enables modeling of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology.

Lu Wang, David Sievert, Alex E Clark, Sangmoon Lee, Hannah Federman, Benjamin D Gastfriend, Eric V Shusta, Sean P Palecek, Aaron F Carlin, Joseph G Gleeson
July 9, 2021

Clinical evidence suggests the central nervous system is frequently impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, either directly or indirectly, although the mechanisms are unclear. Pericytes are perivascular cells within the brain that…

Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein with amilorides correlate with antiviral activity.

Sang Ho Park, Haley Siddiqi, Daniela V Castro, Anna A De Angelis, Aaron L Oom, Charlotte A Stoneham, Mary K Lewinski, Alex E Clark, Ben A Croker, Aaron F Carlin, John Guatelli, Stanley J Opella
May 18, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus that is the causative agent of COVID-19, a sometimes-lethal respiratory infection responsible for a world-wide pandemic. The envelope (E) protein, one of four structural proteins…

Hitting the diagnostic sweet spot: Point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 salivary antigen testing with an off-the-shelf glucometer.

Naveen K Singh, Partha Ray, Aaron F Carlin, Celestine Magallanes, Sydney C Morgan, Louise C Laurent, Eliah S Aronoff-Spencer, Drew A Hall
May 15, 2021

Significant barriers to the diagnosis of latent and acute SARS-CoV-2 infection continue to hamper population-based screening efforts required to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in the absence of widely available antiviral…

METTL3 regulates viral m6A RNA modification and host cell innate immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Na Li, Hui Hui, Bill Bray, Gwendolyn Michelle Gonzalez, Mark Zeller, Kristian G Anderson, Rob Knight, Davey Smith, Yinsheng Wang, Aaron F Carlin, Tariq M Rana
May 11, 2021

It is urgent and important to understand the relationship of the widespread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with host immune response and study the underlining molecular mechanism.…

A Clinical-Stage Cysteine Protease Inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human and Monkey Cells.

Drake M Mellott, Chien-Te Tseng, Aleksandra Drelich, Pavla Fajtová, Bala C Chenna, Demetrios H Kostomiris, Jason Hsu, Jiyun Zhu, Zane W Taylor, Klaudia I Kocurek, Vivian Tat, Ardala Katzfuss, Linfeng Li, Miriam A Giardini, Danielle Skinner, Ken Hirata, Michael C Yoon, Sungjun Beck, Aaron F Carlin, Alex E Clark, Laura Beretta, Daniel Maneval, Vivian Hook, Felix Frueh, Brett L Hurst, Hong Wang, Frank M Raushel, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Jair Lage de Siqueira-Neto, Thomas D Meek, James H McKerrow
April 16, 2021

Host-cell cysteine proteases play an essential role in the processing of the viral spike protein of SARS coronaviruses. K777, an irreversible, covalent inactivator of cysteine proteases that has recently completed…

Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein with amilorides correlate with antiviral activity

Sang Ho Park, Haley Siddiqi, Daniela Castro, Anna De Angelis, Aaron L. Oom, Charlotte Stoneham, Mary Lewinski, Alex Clark, Ben Croker, Aaron Carlin, John Guatelli, Stanley J. Opella
April 6, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus that is the causative agent of COVID-19, a sometimes-lethal respiratory infection responsible for a world-wide pandemic. The envelope (E) protein, one of four structural proteins…

Revealing Tissue-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Host Responses using Human Stem Cell-Derived Lung and Cerebral Organoids.

Shashi Kant Tiwari, Shaobo Wang, Davey Smith, Aaron F Carlin, Tariq M Rana
March 9, 2021

COVID-19 is a transmissible respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and has become a global health emergency. There is an urgent need for robust and practical in vitro…

Response to pegylated interferon in a COVID-19-positive elderly woman with primary myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib.

Arthur E Frankel, Renuka Reddy, Kayla R DeSuza, Khaled Deeb, Aaron F Carlin, Davey Smith, Yushuang Xie, Eknath Naik, Richard T Silver, Hans C Hasselbalch
March 7, 2021

An 83-year-old female had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection while taking ruxolitinib. She remained RT-PCR positive for viral RNA for >120 days, and Pegylated interferon for 4 weeks led to viral RNA…

Multi-clonal SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by antibodies isolated from severe COVID-19 convalescent donors.

Michael Mor, Michal Werbner, Joel Alter, Modi Safra, Elad Chomsky, Jamie C Lee, Smadar Hada-Neeman, Ksenia Polonsky, Cameron J Nowell, Alex E Clark, Anna Roitburd-Berman, Noam Ben-Shalom, Michal Navon, Dor Rafael, Hila Sharim, Evgeny Kiner, Eric R Griffis, Jonathan M Gershoni, Oren Kobiler, Sandra Lawrynowicz Leibel, Oren Zimhony, Aaron F Carlin, Gur Yaari, Moshe Dessau, Meital Gal-Tanamy, David Hagin, Ben A Croker, Natalia T Freund
February 11, 2021

The interactions between antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and protective immunity. To understand the differences between antibody responses in mild versus severe cases of…

A Human 3D neural assembloid model for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Joseph G Gleeson, Lu Wang, David Sievert, Alex E Clark, Hannah Federman, Benjamin D Gastfriend, Eric Shusta, Sean Palecek, Aaron Carlin, Alex E. Clark
February 9, 2021

Clinical evidence suggests the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, either directly or indirectly, although mechanisms remain unclear. Pericytes are perivascular cells within the brain that…

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2.

Thomas Mandel Clausen, Daniel R Sandoval, Charlotte B Spliid, Jessica Pihl, Hailee R Perrett, Chelsea D Painter, Anoop Narayanan, Sydney A Majowicz, Elizabeth M Kwong, Rachael N McVicar, Bryan E Thacker, Charles A Glass, Zhang Yang, Jonathan L Torres, Gregory J Golden, Phillip L Bartels, Ryan N Porell, Aaron F Garretson, Logan Laubach, Jared Feldman, Xin Yin, Yuan Pu, Blake M Hauser, Timothy M Caradonna, Benjamin P Kellman, Cameron Martino, Philip L S M Gordts, Sumit K Chanda, Aaron G Schmidt, Kamil Godula, Sandra L Leibel, Joyce Jose, Kevin D Corbett, Andrew B Ward, Aaron F Carlin, Jeffrey D Esko
November 12, 2020

We show that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with both cellular heparan sulfate and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Docking studies suggest a heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site adjacent…

Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by depleting membrane cholesterol.

Shaobo Wang, Wanyu Li, Hui Hui, Shashi Kant Tiwari, Qiong Zhang, Ben A Croker, Stephen Rawlings, Davey Smith, Aaron F Carlin, Tariq M Rana
November 2, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has spread across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with no vaccine or antiviral therapy available to control the…

Rationale for American Society of Retina Specialists Best Practice Recommendations for Conducting Vitreoretinal Surgery during the COVID-19 Era.

Daniel L Chao, Jayanth Sridhar, Ajay E Kuriyan, Theodore Leng, Brad P Barnett, Aaron F Carlin, Charles C Wykoff, Stephen Gayer, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Amani A Fawzi, Audina M Berrocal, Steven Yeh, Daniel Ting, Yasha Modi, David N Zacks, Nicholas Yannuzzi, Natalie A Afshari, Timothy Murray
October 1, 2020

PURPOSE: To detail the rationale behind recommendations recently published by the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) outlining best practices for safety of vitreoretinal surgeons and staff while performing vitreoretinal…

Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.

Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Sydney I Ramirez, Jose Mateus, Jennifer M Dan, Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Stephen A Rawlings, Aaron Sutherland, Lakshmanane Premkumar, Ramesh S Jadi, Daniel Marrama, Aravinda M de Silva, April Frazier, Aaron F Carlin, Jason A Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters, Florian Krammer, Davey M Smith, Shane Crotty, Alessandro Sette
June 25, 2020

Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide…